Calculate allele and genotype frequencies in a population using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Allele frequency refers to how often a particular allele appears in a population. According to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium principle, allele frequencies remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of disturbing factors. The equation p + q = 1 represents the frequency of the two alleles, where p is the dominant allele and q is the recessive allele.